2022.5 archlinux详细安装过程 (2023)

vim neovim nvim NVME SATA BIOS UEFI kernel Nvidia console bash :q ^X ^C

pacman -S usbmuxd

timedatectl set-ntp true

mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/nvme0n1p2 (boot分区必须使用fat32格式)mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1 (/ 和 /home 一般使用ext4分区格式)mkswap /dev/nvme0n1p4 (swap分区使用swap格式)swapon /dev/nvme0n1p4 (激活swap分区，不激活不会使用这部分空间)mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p3 (/home分区)

nvme0n1 259:0 0 476.9G 0 disk├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 59.3G 0 part ├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 24G 0 part ├─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 117.9G 0 part ├─nvme0n1p4 259:4 0 477M 0 part 

mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt (将 / 分区挂载到 live系统中的 /mnt 目录，此时 /mnt 目录就是我们所安装系统的 / 目录)mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi (在新系统的 / 目录中新建 efi 文件夹，-p 参数表示递归创建)mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/boot/efi (将 boot 分区挂载到efi文件夹)mkdir /mnt/home (同理，创建home目录)mount /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/home (将home分区挂载到home目录)

nvme0n1 259:0 0 476.9G 0 disk├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 59.3G 0 part /home├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 24G 0 part [SWAP]├─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 117.9G 0 part /├─nvme0n1p4 259:4 0 477M 0 part /boot/efi

reflector --country China --age 72 --sort rate --protocol https --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

Server = https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$archServer = https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$archServer = https://mirrors.dgut.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$archServer = https://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$archServer = https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$archServer = https://mirror.redrock.team/archlinux/$repo/os/$archServer = https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$archServer = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$archServer = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$archServer = https://mirrors.xjtu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-headers linux-firmware base-devel （usbmuxd）或者pacstrap /mnt base linux-lts linux-lts-headers linux-firmware base-devel （usbmuxd）

genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

UUID=86ABB6FEAA91229C /home/XXX/Documents ntfs-3g defaults 0 0

arch-chroot /mnt

pacman -S vim iwd networkmanager ttf-dejavu sudo bluez

pacman -S neovim iwd ttf-dejavu sudo bluez usbmuxd networkmanager dhcpcd wqy-zenhei ntfs-3g

ln -s /bin/nvim /bin/vimln -s /bin/nvim /bin/vi

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime (设置时区为上海)hwclock --systohc

echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 >> /etc/locale.conf

echo LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 >> /etc/locale.conf

echo sukipai >> /etc/hostname

[sukipai@sukipai ~]$

127.0.0.1 localhost::1 localhost127.0.1.1 sukipai.localdomain sukipai

pacman -S grub efibootmgr (安装grub)grub-install /dev/nvme0n1 (超级大坑，注意选择的是整个硬盘，而不是boot分区)

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

exit (退出新系统，回到live系统)umount -R /mnt (递归卸载 /mnt 中的磁盘)reboot (重启)

systemctl start iwd.servicesystemctl enable iwd.servicesystemctl start systemd-resolved.servicesystemctl enable systemd-resolved.servicesystemctl enable bluetooth.servicesystemctl enable NetworkManagersystemctl enable dhcpcd

[General]EnableNetworkConfiguration=trueNameResolvingService=systemd

[device]wifi.backend=iwd

pacman -S intel-ucode (intel的cpu装这个)pacman -S amd-ucode (amd的cpu装这个)

pacman -S xf86-video-intel（Intel核心显卡驱动，用Intel核显就装，否则不用装）pacman -S mesa nvidia(-lts) nvidia-settings nvidia-dkms nvidia-utils nvidia-prime（nvidia显卡驱动，用nvidia显卡就装，否则不用装）pacman -S xf86-video-amdgpu (AMD显卡驱动，用amd显卡的就装)

pacman -S pipewire (alsa-utils) pipewire-pulse pipewire-jack pipewire-alsa

options snd_hda_intel dmic_detect=0

useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash sukipai (添加一个名为sukipai的用户进入wheel用户组，并将bash作为启动命令)passwd sukipai (设置密码，和设置root是类似的)

visudo

vim /etc/sudoers

## User privilege specification##root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL## Uncomment to allow members of group wheel to execute any command# %wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL## Same thing without a password# %wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

reboot

pacman -S xorg

pacman -S plasma sddm konsole dolphin kate ark okular spectacle yay

systemctl enable sddm

pacman -S gnomesystemctl enable gdm

pacman -S xorg-xinit xorg-server （窗口管理器一般不会使用登陆管理器(dm)，所以xorg-xinit是必要的）pacman -S i3 (安装i3，或者i3-gaps)

export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 # 将语言环境设置为中文xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources # 读取~/.Xresources 文件中的信息，我用来修改dpiexec i3 # 进入i3wm

Xft.dpi: 192

if [ -z "${DISPLAY}" ] && [ "${XDG_VTNR}" -eq 1 ]; then exec startxfi

sudo pacman -S fcitx5 fcitx5-chinese-addons fcitx5-gtk fcitx5-qt fcitx5-configtool

sudo vim /etc/environmentGTK_IM_MODULE=fcitxQT_IM_MODULE=fcitxXMODIFIERS=@im=fcitxINPUT_METHOD=fcitxSDL_IM_MODULE=fcitxGLFW_IM_MODULE=ibus

fcitx5 -d & (后台运行fcitx5，且开机自启)

注意：如果您使用的桌面环境是兼容 XDG 的（例如 KDE、GNOME、Xfce、LXDE等），则 无需 此步骤（添加自启）。如果使用i3、awesome等窗口管理器，需要在其脚本中添加 Fcitx5 以实现自启动。例如，如果您使用 i3 或 sway ,可以在配置文件中添加exec --no-startup-id fcitx5 -d如果使用dwm，则需要添加 autostart 补丁。在 ~/.dwm/autostart.sh 中添加fcitx5 -d

[archlinuxcn]SigLevel = Optional TrustAllServer = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

 84 # [muiltilib] 85 # Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

sudo pacman -Syyusudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring

sudo pacman -S yay

pacman -S nerd-fonts-hack

sudo pacman -Sy zsh zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-theme-powerlevel10k zsh-completions（安装zsh以及相应组件）chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh （修改为默认解释器）

source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zshsource /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zshsource /usr/share/zsh-theme-powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme

source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zshsource /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zshsource /usr/share/zsh-theme-powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme#color{{{autoload colors && colors#命令别名 {{{alias cp='cp -i'alias mv='mv -i'alias rm='rm -i'alias ls='ls -a --color=auto'alias grep='grep --color=auto'#终端代理function proxy_on() { export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 export https_proxy=$http_proxy echo -e "终端代理已开启。"}function proxy_off(){ unset http_proxy https_proxy echo -e "终端代理已关闭。"}for color in RED GREEN YELLOW BLUE MAGENTA CYAN WHITE; doeval _$color='%{$terminfo[bold]$fg[${(L)color}]%}'eval $color='%{$fg[${(L)color}]%}'(( count = $count + 1 ))doneFINISH="%{$terminfo[sgr0]%}"#}}}#命令提示符RPROMPT=$(echo "$RED%D %T$FINISH")PROMPT=$(echo "$CYAN%n@$YELLOW%M:$GREEN%/$_YELLOW>$FINISH ")#PROMPT=$(echo "$BLUE%M$GREEN%/#$CYAN%n@$BLUE%M:$GREEN%/$_YELLOW>>>$FINISH ")#标题栏、任务栏样式{{{case $TERM in (*xterm*|*rxvt*|(dt|k|E)term)precmd () { print -Pn "\e]0;%n@%M//%/\a" }preexec () { print -Pn "\e]0;%n@%M//%/\ $1\a" };;esac#}}}#编辑器export EDITOR=vim#关于历史纪录的配置 {{{#历史纪录条目数量export HISTSIZE=10000#注销后保存的历史纪录条目数量export SAVEHIST=10000#历史纪录文件export HISTFILE=~/.zhistory#以附加的方式写入历史纪录setopt INC_APPEND_HISTORY#如果连续输入的命令相同，历史纪录中只保留一个setopt HIST_IGNORE_DUPS#为历史纪录中的命令添加时间戳setopt EXTENDED_HISTORY #启用 cd 命令的历史纪录，cd -[TAB]进入历史路径setopt AUTO_PUSHD#相同的历史路径只保留一个setopt PUSHD_IGNORE_DUPS#在命令前添加空格，不将此命令添加到纪录文件中#setopt HIST_IGNORE_SPACE#}}}#每个目录使用独立的历史纪录{{{cd() {builtin cd "$@" # do actual cdfc -W # write current history filelocal HISTDIR="$HOME/.zsh_history$PWD" # use nested folders for historyif [ ! -d "$HISTDIR" ] ; then # create folder if neededmkdir -p "$HISTDIR"fiexport HISTFILE="$HISTDIR/zhistory" # set new history filetouch $HISTFILElocal ohistsize=$HISTSIZEHISTSIZE=0 # Discard previous dir's historyHISTSIZE=$ohistsize # Prepare for new dir's historyfc -R #read from current histfile}mkdir -p $HOME/.zsh_history$PWDexport HISTFILE="$HOME/.zsh_history$PWD/zhistory"function allhistory { cat $(find $HOME/.zsh_history -name zhistory) }function convhistory {sort $1 | uniq |sed 's/^:[0−9]∗:[0-9]*;.∗/\1::::::\2/' |awk -F"::::::" '{ $1=strftime("%Y-%m-%d %T",$1) "|"; print }'}#使用 histall 命令查看全部历史纪录function histall { convhistory =(allhistory) |sed '/^.\{20\} *cd/i\\' }#使用 hist 查看当前目录历史纪录function hist { convhistory $HISTFILE }#全部历史纪录 top50function top50 { allhistory | awk -F':[ 0-9]*:[0-9]*;' '{ $1="" ; print }' | sed 's/ /\n/g' | sed '/^$/d' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 50 }#}}}#杂项 {{{#允许在交互模式中使用注释 例如：#cmd #这是注释setopt INTERACTIVE_COMMENTS #启用自动 cd，输入目录名回车进入目录#稍微有点混乱，不如 cd 补全实用setopt AUTO_CD#扩展路径#/v/c/p/p => /var/cache/pacman/pkgsetopt complete_in_word#禁用 core dumpslimit coredumpsize 0#Emacs风格 键绑定bindkey -e#bindkey -v#设置 [DEL]键 为向后删除#bindkey "\e[3~" delete-char#以下字符视为单词的一部分WORDCHARS='*?_-[]~=&;!#$%^(){}<>'#}}}#自动补全功能 {{{setopt AUTO_LISTsetopt AUTO_MENU#开启此选项，补全时会直接选中菜单项#setopt MENU_COMPLETEautoload -U compinitcompinit#自动补全缓存#zstyle ':completion::complete:*' use-cache on#zstyle ':completion::complete:*' cache-path .zcache#zstyle ':completion:*:cd:*' ignore-parents parent pwd#自动补全选项zstyle ':completion:*' verbose yeszstyle ':completion:*' menu selectzstyle ':completion:*:*:default' force-list alwayszstyle ':completion:*' select-prompt '%SSelect: lines: %L matches: %M [%p]'zstyle ':completion:*:match:*' original onlyzstyle ':completion::prefix-1:*' completer _completezstyle ':completion:predict:*' completer _completezstyle ':completion:incremental:*' completer _complete _correctzstyle ':completion:*' completer _complete _prefix _correct _prefix _match _approximate#路径补全zstyle ':completion:*' expand 'yes'zstyle ':completion:*' squeeze-shlashes 'yes'zstyle ':completion::complete:*' '\\'#彩色补全菜单eval $(dircolors -b)export ZLSCOLORS="${LS_COLORS}"zmodload zsh/complistzstyle ':completion:*' list-colors ${(s.:.)LS_COLORS}zstyle ':completion:*:*:kill:*:processes' list-colors '=(#b) #([0-9]#)*=0=01;31'#修正大小写zstyle ':completion:*' matcher-list '' 'm:{a-zA-Z}={A-Za-z}'#错误校正zstyle ':completion:*' completer _complete _match _approximatezstyle ':completion:*:match:*' original onlyzstyle ':completion:*:approximate:*' max-errors 1 numeric#kill 命令补全compdef pkill=killcompdef pkill=killallzstyle ':completion:*:*:kill:*' menu yes selectzstyle ':completion:*:*:*:*:processes' force-list alwayszstyle ':completion:*:processes' command 'ps -au$USER'#补全类型提示分组zstyle ':completion:*:matches' group 'yes'zstyle ':completion:*' group-name ''zstyle ':completion:*:options' description 'yes'zstyle ':completion:*:options' auto-description '%d'zstyle ':completion:*:descriptions' format $'\e[01;33m -- %d --\e[0m'zstyle ':completion:*:messages' format $'\e[01;35m -- %d --\e[0m'zstyle ':completion:*:warnings' format $'\e[01;31m -- No Matches Found --\e[0m'zstyle ':completion:*:corrections' format $'\e[01;32m -- %d (errors: %e) --\e[0m'# cd ~ 补全顺序zstyle ':completion:*:-tilde-:*' group-order 'named-directories' 'path-directories' 'users' 'expand'#}}}##行编辑高亮模式 {{{# Ctrl+@ 设置标记，标记和光标点之间为 regionzle_highlight=(region:bg=magenta #选中区域special:bold #特殊字符isearch:underline)#搜索时使用的关键字#}}}##空行(光标在行首)补全 "cd " {{{user-complete(){case $BUFFER in"" ) # 空行填入 "cd "BUFFER="cd "zle end-of-linezle expand-or-complete;;"cd --" ) # "cd --" 替换为 "cd +"BUFFER="cd +"zle end-of-linezle expand-or-complete;;"cd +-" ) # "cd +-" 替换为 "cd -"BUFFER="cd -"zle end-of-linezle expand-or-complete;;* )zle expand-or-complete;;esac}zle -N user-completebindkey "\t" user-complete#}}}##在命令前插入 sudo {{{#定义功能sudo-command-line() {[[ -z $BUFFER ]] && zle up-history[[ $BUFFER != sudo\ * ]] && BUFFER="sudo $BUFFER"zle end-of-line #光标移动到行末}zle -N sudo-command-line#定义快捷键为： [Esc] [Esc]bindkey "\e\e" sudo-command-line#}}}#[Esc][h] man 当前命令时，显示简短说明alias run-help >&/dev/null && unalias run-helpautoload run-help#历史命令 top10alias top10='print -l ${(o)history%% *} | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 10'#}}}#路径别名 {{{#进入相应的路径时只要 cd ~xxxhash -d A="/media/ayu/dearest"hash -d H="/media/data/backup/ayu"hash -d E="/etc/"hash -d D="/home/ayumi/Documents"#}}}##for Emacs {{{#在 Emacs终端 中使用 Zsh 的一些设置 不推荐在 Emacs 中使用它#if [[ "$TERM" == "dumb" ]]; then#setopt No_zle#PROMPT='%n@%M %/#>>'#alias ls='ls -F'#fi#}}}#{{{自定义补全#补全 pingzstyle ':completion:*:ping:*' hosts 192.168.1.{1,50,51,100,101} www.google.com#补全 ssh scp sftp 等#zstyle -e ':completion::*:*:*:hosts' hosts 'reply=(${=${${(f)"$(cat {/etc/ssh_,~/.ssh/known_}hosts(|2)(N) /dev/null)"}%%[# ]*}//,/ })'#}}}#{{{ F1 计算器arith-eval-echo() {LBUFFER="${LBUFFER}echo \$(( "RBUFFER=" ))$RBUFFER"}zle -N arith-eval-echobindkey "^[[11~" arith-eval-echo#}}}####{{{function timeconv { date -d @$1 +"%Y-%m-%d %T" }# }}}zmodload zsh/mathfuncautoload -U zsh-mime-setupzsh-mime-setupsetopt EXTENDED_GLOB#autoload -U promptinit#promptinit#prompt redhatsetopt correctallautoload compinstall#漂亮又实用的命令高亮界面setopt extended_globTOKENS_FOLLOWED_BY_COMMANDS=('|' '||' ';' '&' '&&' 'sudo' 'do' 'time' 'strace')recolor-cmd() {region_highlight=()colorize=truestart_pos=0for arg in ${(z)BUFFER}; do((start_pos+=${#BUFFER[$start_pos+1,-1]}-${#${BUFFER[$start_pos+1,-1]## #}}))((end_pos=$start_pos+${#arg}))if $colorize; thencolorize=falseres=$(LC_ALL=C builtin type $arg 2>/dev/null)case $res in*'reserved word'*) style="fg=magenta,bold";;*'alias for'*) style="fg=cyan,bold";;*'shell builtin'*) style="fg=yellow,bold";;*'shell function'*) style='fg=green,bold';;*"$arg is"*)[[ $arg = 'sudo' ]] && style="fg=red,bold" || style="fg=blue,bold";;*) style='none,bold';;esacregion_highlight+=("$start_pos $end_pos $style")fi[[ ${${TOKENS_FOLLOWED_BY_COMMANDS[(r)${arg//|/\|}]}:+yes} = 'yes' ]] && colorize=truestart_pos=$end_posdone}check-cmd-self-insert() { zle .self-insert && recolor-cmd }check-cmd-backward-delete-char() { zle .backward-delete-char && recolor-cmd }zle -N self-insert check-cmd-self-insertzle -N backward-delete-char check-cmd-backward-delete-char

[Clansty]SigLevel = NeverServer = https://repo.lwqwq.com/archlinux/$archServer = https://pacman.ltd/archlinux/$archServer = https://repo.clansty.com/archlinux/$arch